Template:Reign

r. 

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Usage

This template generates an abbreviation for reign (or the Latin rexit): r. 

Typical example:

• Emperor [[Augustus]] of [[Roman Empire|Rome]] ({{reign|27 BCE|14 CE}})

produces:

• Emperor Augustus of Rome (r. 27 BCE – 14 CE)

Default output

• With no parameters and two values, the display is:
  • with simple values (en dash is not spaced): {{reign|1962|present}} → r. 1962–present
  • with one or more complex values (containing whitespace; en dash is spaced): {{reign|c. 23 BCE|5 CE}} → r. c. 23 BCE – 5 CE
  • with only a start date: {{reign|1962}} → r. 1962–  (This usage is deprecated; use "present" to indicate an ongoing time span, per MOS:DATERANGE – leaving it blank looks like an error.)

In all such cases, the following is true:

1. The "r. " is marked up with <abbr>...</abbr> to provide a mouse-over tooltip that explains that the abbreviation means "reign"
2. The space after the "r. " and any between dates and dash are non-breaking spaces, while the values of the date parameters are also non-breaking, in case they contain any spaces. I.e., no line-wrapping will occur anywhere within "r. c. 23 BCE – 5 CE".

Additional notes:

• If a blank first date is given, a "?" will be generated for it: {{reign||732}} produces "r. ?–732", and {{reign||c. 732}} produces "r. ? – c. 732"
• Legacy use (deprecated): If the template is used with no values, it simply outputs the marked-up "r. " Given something like {{reign}} 1962–present, a line wrap may occur between the "r. " and the first date unless a non-breaking space is used.
• This template does not do any date error checking like that performed by the citation templates. If you input "Ferberary 38, 200017", this will be the output.

Parameters

• |1= or first unnamed parameter – Start date, e.g. "1935", "c. 1205", "37 BCE", "August 1434", "January 1, 2017".
• |2= or second unnamed parameter – End date, e.g. "present", or any of the sorts of dates used in |1=
• |3= or third unnamed parameter – Start date of second range.
• |4= or fourth unnamed parameter - End date of second range.
  • The template only supports two date ranges (plus individual dates, see below). It can be extended fairly easily to support more if necessary.
  • The |3= and |4= parameters do not work in the absence of |2=.
• |single= – A single date (typically a year) for a short reign, where no range is needed. Using {{reign|single=1872}} avoids the redundant "r. 1872–1872" and emits "r. 1872". (This is actually an alias of the |post-date= parameter.)
• |show= a.k.a. |link= a.k.a |lk= – Controls formatting of the "r.":
  • |show=none – Produces no tooltip or link: "r. "; intended for use at second and later occurrences. This can also be done with other negative values such as no, n, off, false, 0.
  • |show=link – Replaces the <abbr> markup with a link to the Reign article: "r. "; rarely needed, per MOS:OVERLINKING. This can also be done with positive values such as yes, y, on, true, 1
  • |show=abbr – Deprecated; shows "r." with <abbr> markup, with is already the default output; this parameter does not need to be used.
• |pre-date= – A single date to appear before the date range (a comma-space will be inserted between them). This parameter can be "cheated" to show multiple dates in series, e.g. |pre-date=1645, 1652
• |post-date= – Same as |pre-date=, but appears after the date range. (|single= is an alias of this parameter, which is coded to not emit a comma-space if used as the only date.)
  • Use these two parameters to specify independent years rather than a range, for two short, non-contiguous terms in office: {{reign|pre-date=1732|post-date=1735}} → r. 1732, 1735
  • Warning: These two parameters are included within the non-wrapping span; if you misuse them to insert long-winded annotations instead of dates this will cause display problems if you do not turn on |wrap=yes.
• |mid-date= – A single date to appear between the |1=|2= and |3=|4= date ranges. As with the former two parameters, it can be "cheated" to show multiple dates in series.
• |era= – Gives the "era" at the end. Used (typically with BCE or BC, and without links after first occurrence) when the era must be specified and both/all dates are simple and within the same era. E.g., {{reign|89|67|era=[[Common Era|BCE]]}} produces "r. 89–67 BCE" (while {{reign|89|67 BCE}} produces the incorrectly spaced "r. 89 – 67 BCE").
  • When either or both dates contain whitespace, this parameter is optional and harmless (and correctly produces the spaced en dash); {{reign|89|c. 67|era=BCE}} yields "r. 89 – c. 67 BCE" which is identical to the output of {{reign|89|c. 67 BCE}}: "r. 89 – c. 67 BCE".
  • This parameter can also be used for a year, when followed by various months as the dates; it is not really limited to "eras" in the vast sense.
• There is no parameter for front-loading both dates with "c.", "AD", or another value. This is because:
  • "c." applies to a specific date: "c. 89 – 67 BCE" means "from approximately 89 BCE to definitely 67 BCE". To express that both dates are approximate, use {{reign|c. 89|c. 67 BCE}} or {{reign|c. 89|c. 67|BCE}}.
  • "AD", when needed (usually only for perhaps confusingly short dates like "9" and "32") is given after the date on Wikipedia, as in most other academic publications; the AD 32 style is not used here.
• |wrap=yes – Permits the content to line-wrap at key points (right after a comma, i.e. between two date ranges, between |pre-date= and |1=, between the late range date and |post-date=). Any value supplied to |wrap= will turn this option on. Does not permit wrapping within a date range, or between the "r. " (or replacement wording provided by |show= options) and the first date, or between the last date and |era=.

For use in tables and such

Some of these could also be used, for clarity, in lead sections of articles that are confusingly thick with abbreviations and other markup.

• |show= a.k.a. |link= a.k.a. |lk= – Can be used to replace the "r.":
  • |show=word – Uses the word "reigned" instead of "r.": reigned 
  • |show=colon – Uses the word "reign", followed by a colon, instead of "r.": reign: 
  • |show=lword – Same as |show=word, but with a link to Reign article: reigned 
  • |show=lcolon – Same as |show=colon, but with a link to Reign article: reign: 
  • |show=blank – Shows nothing but the date values and dash, for use in tables and infoboxes with a header that already says this data indicates the reign.
• |cap=yes – Capitalizes the r./reigned/reign text, for use in lists and such. This should never be used in mid-sentence in regular text. Any value supplied to |cap= will turn this option on. Examples:
  • |cap=y alone – R. 
  • |cap=y|show=none → R. 
  • |cap=y|show=link → R. 
  • |cap=y|show=word →Reigned 
  • |cap=y|show=colon → Reign: 
  • |cap=y|show=lword → Reigned 
  • |cap=y|show=lcolon → Reign: 
• |sortable= – Only for use in sortable tables {{crossref|(see below for pros and cons of using thing). Uses as a sort key the value of |sort_date= – or, if that was not specified, the value of one of the following, in descending order of precedence: |single=, |pre-date=, |1=, |2=, |post-date=; at least one such date must be specified for this to work.
• |sort_date= – Provide a custom date to sort by, e.g. ISO yyyy-mm-dd format, or "-43" for "43 BCE", or "983" for "c. 983". This parameter may also be spelled |sortdate= or |sort-date=.

For use in non-royalty contexts

• |label= – Free-form parameter for replacing "r. " with some other word or phrase. Overrides any |show= or |cap= values. Examples:
  • |label=in office → in office 
  • |label=[[World Snooker Championship|World Champion]]: → World Champion: 
  • Doing {{reign|1653|1658|label=ruled}} is effectively synonymous with doing something like ruled {{reign|1653|1658|show=blank}}, but the former has the virtue of being more concise and grouping the label into the template, in case it needs to be moved.
  • If |wrap=yes, then content may wrap after |label=, since its content may be arbitrarily long.
• The aforementioned |show=blank can also be used to repurpose this template for all sorts of date and even non-date numeric ranges.

Notes on table sorting

If the parameter "sortable=yes" is specified, the template generates invisible text that will cause the output to work in sortable tables, at the cost of causing problems for visually-impaired readers. Compare "Col 1" and "Col 2" in the following table:

Title	Col 1	Col 2
Foo	1066	1066
Bar	r.  1510	1510r. 1510–
Baz	1956	1956
Jaz	r.  410	0410r. 410–

"Col 1" uses {{Reign}} 1510, and does not sort correctly. "Col 2" uses {{Reign|1510|sortable=yes}}, and does sort correctly. This works because {{Reign|1510|sortable=yes}} inserts an invisible span element at the start of the cell: <span style="display:none;">1510</span>. Although it is not rendered, it is still seen by the sorting code and makes sorting work.

The downside of this approach is that the invisible text is still rendered by screen readers that are used by visually impaired readers, and by text browsers such as Lynx, so the table will become garbled for readers who are using assistive technology or text browsers.

Examples

Code	Output	Works?
{{Reign}} 1207–1272	r.  1207–1272	Y
{{Reign|1207|1272}}	r. 1207–1272	Y
{{Reign |1 October 1207 |1272}}	r. 1 October 1207 – 1272	Y
{{Reign |1 October 1207 |16 November 1272}}	r. 1 October 120 – 16 November 1272	Y
{{Reign |1207 |16 November 1272}}	r. 1207 – 16 November 1272	Y
{{Reign |c. 1207 |1272}}	r. c. 1207 – 1272	Y
{{Reign |1207 |present}}	r. 1207–present	Y
{{Reign |July 27, 2016 |present}}	r. July 27, 2016 – present	Y
{{Reign |1207 |1272}}	r. 1207–1272	Y
{{Reign |1207| 1272}}	r. 1207–1272	Y
{{Reign | 1207 | 1272 }}	r. 1207–1272	Y
{{Reign |c.1207 |1272}}	r. c.1207–1272	N
{{Reign |1962|present |show=word}}	reigned 1962–present	Y
{{Reign |1962|present |show=word |cap=y}}	Reigned 1962–present	Y
{{Reign |1962|present |show=colon}}	reign: 1962–present	Y
{{Reign |1962|present |show=colon |cap=y}}	Reign: 1962–present	Y
{{Reign |1962|present |show=lword}}	reigned 1962–present	Y
{{Reign |1962|present |show=lword |cap=y}}	Reigned 1962–present	Y
{{Reign |1962|present |show=lcolon}}	reign: 1962–present	Y
{{Reign |1962|present |show=lcolon |cap=y}}	Reign: 1962–present	Y
{{Reign |1962|present |show=blank}}	1962–present	Y
{{Reign |1985}}	r. 1985–	Y
{{Reign ||c. 320 BC}}	r. ? – c. 320 BC	Y
{{Reign ||940}}	r. ?–940	Y
{{Reign}}	r.	Y
{{Reign |89|67 BCE}}	r. 89 – 67 BCE	N
{{Reign |89|67 |era=BCE}}	r. 89–67 BCE	Y
{{Reign |c. 89|67 |era=BCE}}	r. c. 89 – 67 BCE	Y
{{Reign |label=ruled|1967|1969}}	ruled 1967–1969	Y
{{Reign |label=[[World Snooker Championship|World Champion]]:|1967|1969}}	World Champion: 1967–1969	Y
{{Reign |1267 |1272 |post-date=1275}}	r. 1267–1272, 1275	Y
{{Reign |c. 1267 |1272 |post-date=1275}}	r. c. 1267 – 1272, 1275	Y
{{Reign |pre-date=1265 |1267 |1272 }}	r. 1265, 1267–1272	Y
{{Reign |pre-date=1265 |c. 1267 |1272 |post-date=1275}}	r. 1265, c. 1267 – 1272, 1275	Y
{{Reign |pre-date=c. 54 |43 |post-date=37 |era=BCE}}	r. c. 54, 43– , 37 BCE	Y
{{Reign |pre-date=1265 |post-date=1277}}	r. 1265, 1277	Y
{{Reign |single=43 CE}}	r. 43 CE	Y
{{Reign|512|514|520|522}}	r. 512–514, 520–522	Y
{{Reign |1 May 1995|30 April 1996 |1 May 1999|30 April 2000 |wrap=y}}	r. 1 May 1995 – 30 April 1996, ​1 May 1999 – 30 April 2000	Y
{{Reign |pre-date=January |1=March|2=May |3=August|4=September |post-date=November |era=2017 |wrap=y}}	r. January, ​March–May, ​August–September, ​November 2017	Y
{{Reign|512|514|mid-date=517|520|522}}	r. 512–514, 517, 520–522	Y
{{Reign |1= 512 |2= 514 | mid-date=517 |3= 520 |4= c. 522 }}	r. 512–514, 517, 520 – c. 522	Y

Redirects

{{Reign}} can be also be called with the redirects:

• {{r.}}
• {{rexit}}
• {{ruled}}

See also

• {{circa}}
• {{floruit}}
• Tempore